Prepared by Mrs Margaret Leong, Infection Control Officer, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) in collaboration with WHO and in consultation with Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) and other PPHSN partners
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Guidelines use
2. INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAMME
2.1 What is an Infection Control Programme?
2.2 Monitoring and evaluating an infection control programme
2.3 Organising an infection control programme
2.4 Infection control nurse
2.5 Infection control guidelines
2.6 Education and training of healthcare workers, patients and visitors
3 GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO BLOOD AND BODY SUBSTANCES FOR HIV AND HEPATITIS B
3.1 Introduction
3.2 HIV
3.3 Exposure to hepatitis B virus
3.4 Exposure to hepatitis C virus
3.5 Tuberculosis
3.6 Meningococcal meningitis
3.7 Tetanus
3.8 Work restrictions
3.9 Guidelines for managing occupational exposures to blood and body substances, including HIV prophylaxis in healthcare settings
4 INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES
4.1 Hand hygiene
4.2 Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
4.3 Personal protective equipment
5 SAFE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF SHARPS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Responsibility for sharps
5.3 Sharps containers
5.4 Needle stick injuries
6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Water
6.3 Ensuring a safe and adequate water supply
6.4 Water disinfection
6.5 Collecting rainwater using a roof catchment system
7 CLEANING THE HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENT
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Important housekeeping practices
7.3 Cleaning spills of blood and other body fluids
7.4 Colour coding cleaning equipment
8 HEALTHCARE LAUNDRY MANAGEMENT
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Using personal protective equipment
8.3 Collecting and transporting soiled linen
8.4 Sorting soiled linen
8.5 Laundering linen
8.6 Laundry staff
9 CLEANING, DISINFECTING AND STERILISING EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Cleaning
9.3 Disinfection
9.4 Sterilisation
10 FOOD SAFETY
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Food services hygiene
10.3 Preparing and serving food
10.4 Preventing contamination
10.5 Food storage
10.6 Thawing food
10.7 Chilling hot food
10.8 Cleaning requirements
11 HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Categories of healthcare waste
11.3 Colour-coding or labelling containers
11.4 Safe collection of general waste
11.5 Safe collection and disposal of infectious and/or clinical waste
11.6 Handling healthcare waste bags
11.7 Scavenging
11.8 Methods of solid waste disposal
11.9 Building and using a simple stove for burning wastes
11.10 Waste disposal by burying
11.11 Garbage storage and disposal
12 INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT ORGANISMS
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
12.3 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
13 INFECTIONS BY SELECTED DISEASES
13.1 Dengue fever, malaria and leptospirosis
13.2 Malaria
13.3 Leptospirosis
14 MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
14.1 Introduction
14.2 When TB is infectious
14.3 Infection control strategies
14.4 Multi-drug resistant TB
14.5 TB and HIV
14.6 Protection of healthcare workers
15 HUMAN INFLUENZA, AVIAN INFLUENZA INFECTING HUMANS, AND PANDEMIC INFLUENZA
15.1 Human influenza
15.2 Avian influenza infecting humans
15.3 Pandemic influenza
15.4 Infection control principles to slow a pandemic virus
15.5 Infection control in the community setting
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNEX 1: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE REPORT FORM
ANNEX 2: CONSENT FORM FOR POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
ANNEX 3: HIV COUNSELLING FORM CHECKLIST
ANNEX 4: POSITION DESCRIPTION
ANNEX 5: HOW TO MAKE AN ALCOHOL HANDRUB
ANNEX 6: HOW TO PREPARE SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION FOR DISINFECTION
ANNEX 7: EQUIPMENT LIST FOR ISOLATION ROOMS AND WARDS
© Copyright SPC 2010 – Published by SPC for Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) with financial assistance from AusAID and NZAID (through Pacific Regional Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Project – PRIPPP)
Note: In May 2013, the guidelines was reviewed and changes were made (pages 53 and 89) regarding disinfection of instruments and equipment with chlorine solution.
PPHSN Guidelines for Influenza Preparedness & Control and Influenza Pandemic Preparedness
The final version of the PPHSN Guidelines for Influenza Preparedness & Control and Influenza Pandemic Preparedness is available in Adobe Acrobat (PDF).
You can either download the complete Guidelines at one go (PDF, 1.2 MB) or separately (part by part):
Part I : Guidelines for Influenza Preparedness and Control (PDF, 774 KB)
Part II : Guidelines for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness (PDF, 804 KB)
This document was prepared by Dr Seini Kupu in consultation with the PPHSN Influenza Specialist Group (ISG).